In this video, I cut open a Membrane Solutions RV water filter to see what is inside. It resembles the filters people typically use in RV parks and campgrounds.
I found it had a pair of soft foam pieces holding a selection of charcoal and, at one end, a more dense foam layer.
It is suitable for blocking sediment and making the water taste better but not for removing tiny things like bacteria or viruses that may make a person sick. For that, you need a more expensive multi-stage filter system. The label says that you shouldn’t use it for microbiologically unsafe water or water of unknown quality.
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Source: A Look Inside a Typical RV Water Filter – Membrane Solutions